Latihan Soal TOEFL ITP Materi Reading Comprehension
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Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of questions about it. For questions 1-50, you are to choose the one best answer, A, B, C, or D, to each question.
Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Questions 1-5
Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood (1966) is a well-known example of the “nonfiction novel”, a popular type of writing based upon factual events in which the author attempts to describe the underlying forces, thoughts, and emotions that lead to actual events. In Capote’s book, the author describes the sadistic murder of a family on a Kansas farm, often showing the point of view of the killers. To research the book, Capote interviewed the murderers, and he maintains that his book presents a faithful reconstruction of the incident.
1. The purpose of this passage is to …
2. Which of the following best describe the tone of the passage?
3. This passage would probably be assigned reading in which of the following courses?
4. How did Capote get the data for the result of the novel?
5. In Cold Blood by Truman Capote is a … novel
Question number 6-15
While the bald eagle is one national symbol of the United States, it is not the only one. Uncle Sam, a bearded gentleman costumed in the red, white, and blue stars and stripes of the nation’s flag, is another well-known national symbol. According to legend, this character is based on Samuel Wilson, the owner of a meat-packing business in Troy, New York. During the War of 1812, Sam Wilson’s company was granted a government contract to supply meat to the nation’s soldiers; this meat was supplied to the army in barrels stamped with the initials U.S., which stood for United States. However, the country was at that time relatively young, and the initials U.S. were not commonly used. Many people questioned what the initials represented, and the standard reply became “Uncle Sam”, for the owner of the barrels. It is now generally accepted that the figure of Uncle Sam is based on Samuel Wilson, and the U.S. Congress has made it official by adopting a resolution naming Samuel Wilson as the inspiration for Uncle Sam.
6. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for this passage?
7. The following are the colors on the United States flag, except …
8. Who as the inspiration for Uncle Sam?
9. The word “costumed” in line 2 could most easily be replaced by …
10. What type of business from Sam Wilson?
11. The word “granted” in line 5 means …
12. The word “official” in line 10 is closest in meaning to …
13. The word “initials” in line 6 means to …
14. In 1812, people most probably answered that the letters “U.S.” written on the barrels stands for “Uncle Sam” because …
15. Who has made adopting a resolution name Samuel Wilson as the inspiration for Uncle Sam?
Question 16-20
American Jazz is a conglomeration of sound borrowed from such varied sources as American and African folk music, European classical music, and Christian gospel songs. One of the recognizable characteristics of jazz is its use of improvisation: certain parts of the music are written out and played the same way by various performers, and other improvised parts are created spontaneously during a performance and vary widely from performer to performer.
The earliest off jazz was ragtime, lively songs or rags performed on the piano, and the best-known of the ragtime performers and composers was Scott Joplin. Born in 1868 to former slaves, Scott Joplin earned his living from a very early age playing the piano in bars along the Mississippi. One of his regular jobs was in the Maple Leaf Club in Sedalia, Missouri. It was there that he began writing the more than 500 compositions that he was to produce, the most famous of which was “The Maple Leaf Rag”.
16. This passage is about …
17. The following are musical sources from American Jazz, except …
18. The word “conglomeration” in line 1 could be replaced by …
19. The world “living” in line 8 could most easily replaced by …
20. What year was Scott Joplin born?
Questions 21-30
The idea of determinism, that no event occurs in nature without natural causes, has been postulated as a natural law yet is under attack on both scientific and philosophical grounds. Scientific laws assume that a specific set of conditions will unerringly lead to a predetermined outcome. However, studies in the field of physics have demonstrated that the location and speed of minuscule particles such as electrons are the result of random behaviors rather than predictable results determined by pre-existing conditions. As a result of these studies, the principle of indeterminacy was formulated in 1925 by Werner Heisenberg. According to this principle, only the probable behavior of an electron can be predicted. The inability to absolutely predict the behavior of electrons casts doubt on the universal applicability of a natural law of determinism. Philosophically, the principal opposition to determinism emanates from those who see humans as creatures in possession of free will. Human decisions may be influenced by previous events, but the ultimate freedom of humanity may possibly lead to unforeseen choices, those not preordained by preceding events.
21. It is implied in the passage that a natural law …
22. The word “unerringly” in line 3 could be most easily replaced by …
23. The word “minuscule” in line 4 closest in meaning to …
24. According to the passage, which of the following is not true about the principle of indeterminacy?
25. The expression “emanates from” in line 10 could most easily be replaced by …
26. The word “unforeseen” in line 12 is closest in meaning to …
27. The idea that no event occurs in nature without natural causes, has been postulated as a natural law yet is under attack on both scientific and philosophical grounds is a …
28. The inability to absolutely predict the behavior of electrons casts doubt on the …
29. The principle of indeterminacy was formulated in … by Werner Heisenberg.
30. It is implied in the passage that free will is …
Questions 31-40
Most people think of deserts as dry, flat areas with little vegetation or no rainfall, but this is hardly true. Many deserts have varied geographical formations ranging from soft, rolling hills to stark, jagged cliffs, and most deserts have a permanent source of water. Although deserts do not receive a ahigh amount of rainfall-to be classified as a desert, an area must get less than twenty-five centimeters of rainfall per year-there are many plants that thrive on only small amounts of water, and deserts are often full such plant life.
Desert plants have a variety of mechanism for obtaining the water needed for survival. Some plants, such as cactus, are able to store large amounts of water in their leaves or stems; after a rainfall these plants absorb a large supply of water to last until the next rainfall. Other plants, such as the mesquite, have extraordinarily deep root systems that allow them to obtain water from far below the desert’s arid surface.
31. What is main topic of the passage?
32. The passage describes the geography of desert as …
33. The word “source” in line means …
34. “Mesquite” in line 10 probably …
35. The word “thrive” in line 5 means …
36.The word “arid” in line 11 means …
37. Plants that can grow in desert areas is a …
38. The word “mechanisms” in line 7 could most easily be replaced by …
39. According to the passage, what causes an area to be classified as a desert?
40. Where in the passage does the author describe desert vegetation that keeps water in its leaves?
Question 41-50
The New Photography
In order to establish photography as art, members of the Aesthetic Movement modeled their work on classical paintings, even copying the subjects and poses popularized by artists of the Classical Period. As the movement gained in popularity, photographers made a clear distinction between the elegant, artistic photography that conformed to the aesthetic standard used for paintings and the work of more realistic photographers that was beginning to appear. Since they were cloudy because of the gum bichromate plate that allowed for manual intervention, the aesthetic prints were easily distinguished from the more modern prints, which came to be called straightforward photographs. In contrast, the straightforward photographers produced images that were sharp and clear. Whereas the proponents of the Aesthetic movement continued to hand color their photographs, adding details and textures to conform to the art of printmakers, the philosophy that surrounded the new photography rejected manipulation of either the subject matter or the print. The subjects included nature in its undisturbed state and people in everyday situations.
A number of major exhibitions and the formation of photographic 20 clubs during the late nineteenth century provided the impetus for the Photo-Secession Movement. Founded by Alfred Steiglitz in New York City in 1902, Photo-Secession had as its proposition the promotion of straightforward photography through exhibits and publications. One of the publications, Camera Work, has been recognized among the most beautiful journals ever produced. By the 1920s, the mechanical precision that had once been criticized as a defect by members of the Aesthetic Movement had become a hallmark of modern photograph y. Chiefly through the efforts of Steiglitz, modern photography had seceded from painting and emerged as a legitimate art form. In summary, the Aesthetic Movement rejected reality for beauty, but the Photo-Secessionists embraced realism as even more beautiful.
41. Which of the following would be an alternative title for the passage?
42. The word “defect” in line 18 is closest in meaning to …
43. The word “chiefly” in line 19 is closest in meaning to …
44. The word “they” in line 5 refers to …
45. What is not true of Camera Work?
46. Who was promoted of Camera Work?
47. According to the passage, what is the purpose of Photo-Secession?
48. It can be inferred from the passage that the author …
49. The Photo-Secession Movement is described as including all of the following, except …
50. How can earlier photograph be distinguished from more modern photograph?
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